C. V. Hartman, full name Carl Vilhelm Hartman (August 19, 1862 – June 19, 1941), was a Swedish botanist and anthropologist.
Trained as a botanist, Hartman joined Norwegian ethnographer Carl Sofus Lumholtz on a three-year expedition to the Sierra Madre Mountains in Mexico. One of Hartman's duties was to conduct studies concerning usage of plants by the native population. Working alongside with Lumholtz, his interest turned from botany to anthropology. After completion of his work in Mexico in 1893, Hartman accompanied Lumholtz to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago and spent six months organizing exhibits in its Anthropological Department. In 1894 he issued an essay on anthropology called "The Indians of Northwestern Mexico".
From 1896-1898, Hartman led an anthropological expedition to the Central American states of Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala. Here, he conducted studies that included archaeology, ethnology, and anthropometry as well as anthropology. Returning to Sweden, he became a curator at the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet in Stockholm. In 1901, Hartman wrote a monograph about Costa Rica called the "Archaeological Researches in Costa Rica". From 1908 - 1923, he was director of the Ethnographical Section of the museum. He died in Stockholm on June 19, 1941.